Hands-on Encounter with History Helps Teens Envision A Future City

Local teacher Jeff Davidson had a vision for his summer workshop for teenagers. He wanted to share his fascination with city planning by teaching teens to look closely at the urban world around them, in order to understand how and why their city looks the way it does today.

So Davidson designed a fascinating role-playing curriculum in which each student would assume a role such as Chief Architect, Planning Commissioner, Sustainability Commissioner, or Engineering Director. Together, the teens would engage in active learning including guest talks from architects, a visit with the Little Rock city planning department, and a trip to look at historical maps of Little Rock in the CALS Roberts Library Research Room.

Teens work with historic maps of Little Rock at CALS Roberts Library

We caught up with the engaged bunch of teens as CALS archivists showed them huge old city maps and neighborhood records. For many of the students, the encounter with the historical materials was their favorite part of the project thus far. “I really enjoyed seeing the old documents,” Aiden said. “You don’t usually get to do that!”

Mr. Davidson knew that they had come to the right place. “I wanted them to experience local city planning and I knew the Roberts Library had lots of documents and maps. We’re studying how cities evolve and why, and what are the values of a city planner. In the process, we study aspects of architecture, environment, history and more.”

Learning to see the values behind a city’s design

Davidson’s course went much deeper than simply subject knowledge or career education, however. “The project teaches them to see the values at work in the city planning process, such as walking vs. driving, or individual vs. community,” Davidson said.  “We’re not telling them what to think, but instead helping them realize that there are so many different philosophies at work in city planning. Tomorrow, they will get to do their own digital city-building game!”

Student Maxx contemplated the old map in front of him. “It’s interesting to see how the city has changed.” he said. “What they’ve added or destroyed, and how they shifted away from the grid system. I think the I-30 bridge across the river was a good addition!”

Another young man discussed the values behind a controversial planning decision in Little Rock history: the building of I-630 that split apart a thriving African American neighborhood. “I don’t know if the people who planned the construction of I-630 had the best motives,” he said. “I don’t know if I would have stuck with that plan.”

Student Olivia was enthusiastic about the chance to work with the historical materials. “I like to see how the cities looked back then. It’s kinda cool how the city evolved. And I get to look at really cool things that are over a hundred years old!”

SLUFY enrichment program for youth uses library resources to spark teen learning

Mr. Davidson taught this workshop through the Summer Laureate University for Youth (SLUFY), a summer program sponsored by the UA Little Rock Jodie Mahony Center for Gifted Education, which this year celebrated a historic 40^th anniversary.  This program encourages talented students to study unique topics with expert teachers as they interact with motivated peers.

The buzz in the library Research Room between students, adults, and CALS archivists was energizing– it was clear that thanks to the dynamic curriculum, these teenagers had seen the relevance of the past to the present and plugged into the city planning process.  As proof, we only had to overhear the student Planning Commissioner say to his friend with charming conviction, “The solution to traffic isn’t to make more roads—it’s to make better public transportation!”

Students and teachers from all schools and homeschools are welcome in the CALS Roberts Library Research Room, where trained archivists can help locate materials or give research tips. For more information or to set up a visit, call Heather Zbinden at (501) 320-5744. Lesson plans for K-12 are also available to assist teachers and students.

For more information about the SLUFY summer program, see https://ualr.edu/slufy/.

Dedication of the Elizabeth Eckford Commemorative Bench: Honoring a Courageous American Life

On September 4th, 2018, Elizabeth Eckford walked slowly down Park Street to sit on a special commemorative bench dedicated in her name. Surrounded by an applauding crowd of over 300 people, Ms. Eckford was escorted with honor by students, including the team from the Little Rock Central High Memory Project that led the effort to create and install the bench. Ms. Eckford reflected on her historic experience after the racially diverse group of students presented their work to an audience that included numerous community sponsors and civic leaders. The moving event was covered by local and state press and featured in the New York Times and the Washington Post.

Honoring a civil rights hero, healing the wounds of history

The dedication ceremony took place on the sixty-first anniversary of the day when a young Ms. Eckford rushed down the same street to sit on the original city bus bench. That day in 1957, she was pursued by an angry white mob that opposed allowing her to integrate Central High School as a member of the Little Rock Nine. The bench now dedicated to her is a faithful replica of the one at which she took refuge from the mob.

The iconic, painful photographs of Ms. Eckford, only a girl at the time, have etched themselves into American history, a permanent record of the sacrifices endured by civil rights pioneers. That day was only the beginning of a long year of abuses from white students who objected to attending school with black students. In her speech at the bench dedication, Ms. Eckford referred to her long struggle with post-traumatic stress disorder after her high school years, but she added an unforgettable postscript. “I don’t cry anymore when I talk about the past, and that is because of the efforts of students,” Ms. Eckford said. “It is very, very endearing when students want to know about the past.”

Students design bench, mobile app for living history walking tour

The students on the Memory Project team researched and edited a living history walking tour adapted as a mobile app for digital devices. Now, visitors to the Little Rock Central High Historic Site can listen on their cell phones to the sounds of the time and hear about the desegregation crisis moment by moment as they retrace Ms. Eckford’s steps. The Memory Project student team also participated in the bench construction, and they are still at work on an ongoing oral history podcast project.

The initial momentum for the project came from student Adaja Cooper, who realized she could design the bench on her EAST classroom computer. Adaja spoke at the National Rotary Club meeting in Central High’s library on Martin Luther King Day, and the Rotary Club was inspired by her speech to pledge a generous $15,000.  Stella Cameron (LRCH media specialist), Tamara McCormack (EAST Lab Facilitator) and David Kilton (NPS Ranger) worked with students to plan the event. CALS Butler Center historian George West mentored the team throughout the project. Many other individuals and organizations contributed time and financial support (see endnote).

Students gain insight, context from historical project

Jessie Bates, a junior at Central High, worked with the National Park Service and Oncell to create the app to house the walking tour, including an audio transcript and historical photos. She found her work rewarding. “The project provides a more personal view of the history we’re so familiar with,” she said. “Textbooks often gloss over it, but reading the primary sources in the words of the students who were there helps us connect to the history.”

Zaria Moore, also a junior working on the Memory Project, said that she enjoyed coming up with ideas to “bring history back,” such as the bench. “I appreciate getting to meet people who made history, like the Little Rock Nine,” she said. Zaria is related to another member of the Little Rock Nine, Thelma Mothershed-Wair, a connection that reflects the personal relevance of the 1957 crisis to so many people still living in Little Rock.

Words of courage and grace

Ms. Eckford conveyed dignity and peace as she described her successful decades-long journey to come to terms with her past experiences at Central High. Her stated desire to continue working toward “true reconciliation” exemplified the engagement and grace that has made her a beloved figure in the city. The CALS Butler Center salutes Ms. Eckford for her contribution to Little Rock and to American society. Thanks to the student team on the Memory Project  for the successful completion of this well-deserved monument to a life of sacrifice and bravery.

The Elizabeth Eckford Commemorative Bench project was a collaboration between the Central High Memory Project and the Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site (administered by the National Park Service). Other community partners included the Central Arkansas Library System’s Butler Center for Arkansas Studies, the University of Arkansas Clinton School of Public Service, Bullock Temple C.M.E., Central High School and their EAST LAB, the Little Rock School District, the City of Little Rock, Good Earth Garden Center, Friends of Central High Museum Inc., Home Depot, Little Rock Club 99 and other Rotary International Clubs, Washitaw Foothills Youth Media Arts & Literacy Collective, Unity in the Community, Central High Museum Inc., and others.

Uncovering the Secrets of Family History: Our Free Workshop with an Ancestry.com Expert

Annual Genealogy Workshop brought gasps of surprise, cries of discovery

“I want to show you how many people are buried under this headstone.”

The speaker clicked to the next slide. An audible gasp arose from several hundred people as onscreen cemetery records revealed a single plot stuffed with 17 inhabitants.

The overstuffed gravesite was only one of many moments of revelation for the crowd that filled the Ron Robinson Theater on July 21. The CALS Butler Center’s Genealogy Workshop with Ancestry.com’s expert, Juliana Szucs, was by all reports a great success, offering helpful strategies for both beginning and advanced seekers of family history.

Hidden treasures for history detectives

Ms. Szucs introduced the audience to hidden treasures on Ancestry.com, the chief online resource for building family trees, searching for family history, or even seeking living relatives.

“I travel to these events to let people know that there are a lot of ways to find that missing family member in your past,” Ms. Szucs said. “People think they have come to the end of the line when their hints are gone, but there’s so much you can do with the other records we have online.”

The wealth of information online became clear as Szucs presented resources such as FindaGrave.com with images of headstones and records,  African-American newspapers, passenger lists, Native American records and many more. The sheer number and variety of documents was astounding, especially when most can be seen with just the click of a button.

These records can be priceless to those whose own records are scanty or nonexistent: immigrants, people subjected to slavery or ethnic relocation, migrants across state lines, or those whose ancestors changed their surnames.

Finding long-lost connections with strangers

Family history research events can produce dramatic or funny discoveries, and this free CALS Butler Center workshop had its share.

When an excited cry of “My great aunt!” echoed across the auditorium, we had to go find out the rest of the story. It turns out that Jayne S. (left) and Martha C. (right) had never met. After striking up a conversation about Jayne’s t-shirt, the two discovered that Jayne’s mother was named after Martha’s great aunt!

Jayne said, “Martha asked me about my t-shirt for DAR (Daughters of the American Revolution) and said that her mother had been a member. I asked her if she had any relatives in Cleveland County, and from there we figured out the connection.”

A shared interest, with laughs on the side

Michael P. and Rae-Lene W. had a funny story about why they were at the workshop. The two friends both have family stories that imply Native American ancestry, so they challenged each other to take the Ancestry DNA test and find out for certain who had more Native American genes. The answer: no one. Zero percent Native American. All those family legends were just fun stories, on both sides!

But the challenge spurred the two friends to learn more about their family trees. Rae-Lene said, “I have an ancestor who was orphaned in Eastern Europe, so now I have the World subscription to Ancestry.com. This workshop was very helpful. And I come to the Butler Center all the time.”

More than a list of names: it’s our personal story

Presenter Juliana Szucs emphasized that “we don’t look for family history to find a list of names. What we’re really seeking is our stories. We want to know who these people from our past were, and what they wanted from life.”

Ms. Szucs told a couple of anecdotes from her own research to show the real interest and power of family history. By using FindaGrave.com, she found out that her great-great-grandfather had served as a fireman on the USS Fort Jackson after enlisting in the Navy for the Civil War. Ms. Szucs would never have known about his military service, because as she later discovered, he enlisted under a false name in order to avoid discovery by his pregnant wife. His wife didn’t find out that her husband had enlisted until someone told her at the last minute that he was in the Navy shipyard, about to depart, and she had better come say goodbye. We can only imagine that dramatic scene.

In other cases, family name changes reveal a family’s trials or hardships. Ms. Szucs showed records for Jan Mekalski, who changed his name to “Wagner” in the early twentieth century to avoid anti-Polish prejudice. Unfortunately for “Jan Wagner,” World War I broke out within a few years, and Jan had to change his name back to “Jan Mekalski” because of rising prejudice toward Germans due to the war.

These name changes may seem extreme, but animosity toward various European immigrant groups could be so intense in the early 20th century that people could not get jobs to support their families if they belonged to the wrong ethnic group. In some cases, members of despised groups were publicly reviled or beaten. Knowing about Jan Mekalski’s name changes tells his descendants that this was a man who survived considerable prejudice and hardship.

Jan’s name changes also show the culture of the time Jan lived in, which reveals our shared national history as well as personal history. In fact, the greatest lesson of genealogy research may be that the distinction between personal and national history is a false one. Our national history IS our personal history.

American history is our personal history

Ms. Szucs told a story over lunch that underlined the same lesson. When asked what had been her favorite project for Ancestry.com in her many years working there, she said, “Maybe the Declaration Descendants commercial.”

 

“In one month, we identified 149 living descendants of signers of the Declaration of Independence. It was a very diverse group,” Ms. Szucs said, referring to the striking ethnic diversity in the 60-second commercial.

“I worked on finding a lot of Ben Franklin’s descendants. Many of the descendants of the signers knew they were descendants and had heirlooms in the family. Some had no idea and were completely amazed. When they all got together, they felt a real connection because they were all related to a signer. They were exchanging contact information,” Ms. Szucs said.

Individual attendees find helpful tips, further assistance

Workshop attendees were seeking answers to their own heritage questions, and they universally agreed that the material from Ms. Szucs was helpful at all levels, for beginners and for experts.

Kim P., who has been researching for a few years on Ancestry, is planning to continue her family history search, in part by seeking the help of the Butler Center’s resident expert. Genealogist Rhonda Stewart is skilled in tracing African-American ancestry through fragmented records. Kim described her own challenge in that area, saying, “My great-great grandmother shows up on the 1850 Census, but I couldn’t find her before or after. Her children are listed as “mulatto” and no father’s name is recorded.”

Attendee Wendy W., who is planning to become a professional genealogist, chuckled as she described her father-in-law’s hopes for her research. “His greatest dream was that I would find a criminal or outlaw in our family line, like Billy the Kid.”

Wendy has larger goals, however, having achieved her genealogy certification from Boston University. Though she noted that genealogists can work in many fields like criminal justice or law, she would like to use her work to reunite families.

More workshops and help available at the Butler Center

Representatives of local family history societies and clubs had informational displays at the workshop. Mary Evans of Heritage Seekers encouraged attendees to come to the Heritage Seekers Research Day at the Butler Center on July 28, open from 10am to 4pm. The group regularly holds research days by meeting together in the Butler Center’s Research Room. There, members with years of experience volunteer to help newcomers trace their family histories and find missing information.

Another good resource to help those new to family research get started is a monthly introductory workshop by the Butler Center’s genealogist Rhonda Stewart, titled “Finding Family Facts.”

This CALS Butler Center offering will next take place on August 13 from 3:30pm to 5:00 pm on the 2^nd floor of the Butler Center at the Roberts Library, 401 President Clinton Ave. Ms. Stewart gives both an overview of research strategies and a tour of the resources in the collection.

The CALS Butler Center offers a major genealogy workshop free of charge annually. We would like to thank this year’s speaker, Juliana Szucs, who is a genealogist and senior community manager for Ancestry.com, where she has worked for over twenty years. She contributed the “Computers and Technology” chapter of The Source: A Guidebook of American Genealogy and has authored many other genealogy articles. Szucs holds a certificate from Boston University’s online Genealogical Research Program.

Panel Discussion on Japanese American Internment Camps Harnesses the Power of History for Positive Change

“Just the other day, they were talking about building another [immigrant prison] camp in Kelso, Arkansas. Whether you are a Republican or Democrat, a liberal or conservative, you know that’s a bad idea. I was out there the other day at Kelso. You could see the smokestack of the Rohwer camp from that site.” Richard Yada

The Ron Robinson Theater was filled with memory, emotion, and hope on Friday, July 13 at an unforgettable screening of Relocation, Arkansas: Aftermath of Incarceration.

Sponsored by the CALS Butler Center, the Clinton School for Public Service, and the Arkansas Psychological Association, the screening was followed by a panel discussion. Survivors and descendants of Japanese American internment camps appeared in person for the discussion, led by director Vivienne Schiffer.  President Bill Clinton was in attendance along with many leaders and well-known social justice figures from recent Arkansan history.

In the present day, the United States government faces an ethical crisis sparked by the incarceration of thousands of immigrants in prison camps. The audience heard in person from survivors of a similar imprisonment in American history that scarred psyches and families for decades. Testimony from survivors, descendants, and witnesses of past injustice brought home the power of historical lessons to change our present-day actions.

The film Relocation, Arkansas examines the aftermath of the internment of Japanese Americans in prison camps during World War II, when a wave of paranoia and prejudice caused the US government to imprison over 100,000 Japanese Americans nationwide. The families in the film were among the 8000 imprisoned in the Rohwer camp in Arkansas.

The incarceration had lifelong consequences not only for survivors, but for their children. The incarceration deprived these families of their jobs, their communities, and their homes, and left them to start over in strange towns. Even after release, the families still faced intense prejudice from many in the American population.

Paul Takemoto, cast member, grew up knowing that his mother Alice had survived the Rohwer incarceration. He had difficulty understanding or accepting the effects of that traumatic history on his own life and identity. At the age of 46, he met Rosalie Santine Gould, former mayor of McGehee, Arkansas, who had dedicated herself to supporting and hosting the survivors of the Arkansas internment camps.

“Sometimes you have these transformative single moments or events in life,” Mr. Takemoto said in the panel discussion. “For me, that event was hearing Ms. Rosalie talk about honoring the memory of events and people I had done my best to forget. There’s no greater gift you can give someone than their pride, and that’s what Ms. Rosalie did for us.”

Mr. Takemoto went on to relate how the artwork created by Japanese Americans incarcerated at Rohwer had been willed to Rosalie Gould, and was now on display at the Butler Center.

President Clinton with film director Vivienne Schiffer and activist Rosalie Santine Gould

“Giving Ms. Rosalie their art was the most appropriate gift [survivors] could give,” Mr. Takemoto said. “Places like the Butler Center are now using that art as an expression of the humanness of the experience.”

Rev. Don Campbell, also on the panel, was in high school in Arkansas during the incarceration. He described the silence about the camps in the American media. “I read two newspapers a day and never heard of the camps until the summer of 1945 as a freshman at Yale.”

Rev. Campbell spoke movingly of the prejudice that dominated American culture then. “I think you need to know the mindset in this country at the time. I remember saying that we might one day make peace with the Germans, but that the Japanese were not human. I believed that because all the movies and propaganda depicted the Japanese as fierce and subhuman. You need to know how powerful propaganda can be, and how it can change people’s minds. And we need to remember that today.”

His words were followed by a loud burst of applause.

Director Vivienne ‘Lie’ Schiffer pointed out the courage of the Takemoto family, Richard Yada, and the others in the film who had exposed their personal lives with vulnerability in order to preserve the history of the camps and their consequences.

Elizabeth Eckford of the Little Rock Nine greets Alice and Paul Takemoto

That bravery was apparent to Elizabeth Eckford, a member of the Little Rock Nine who appeared in the film and was present at the screening. Ms. Eckford knows personally of racial prejudice and its effects, and though she had seen the film before, she saw a new aspect at this screening. “What struck me this time,” she said, “was that the older generation of survivors was reluctant to talk about this experience. So it was very brave that Paul’s mother [Alice Takemoto], was willing to come forward and speak in the film.”

The clear injustice and cruelty faced by the families in the film left attendees deeply moved.

Attendee Mariah Hatta said, “That is the hardest film I’ve ever watched. I am Japanese American, and my father is still a Japanese national. He fought in the Japanese army during World War II.”

Another attendee, Liz, had a very personal connection to the film. “My father was an assistant administrator at the Jerome camp [the other Arkansas internment camp]. I was living there when I was 3 or 4, though I don’t remember it. But the film gave me a new perspective, because my father never talked about it.”

Skip Rutherford, Dean of the Clinton School of Public Service, said, “The timeliness of the film can’t be overstated. We never thought it could happen again, but here we are today facing many of the same issues.”

Butler Center Director David Stricklin and George West escort guests of honor Paul and Alice Takemoto

Butler Center Director David Stricklin said, “The CALS Butler Center work on the story of the camps in Arkansas is easily one of the most important things we’ve ever done. It is heartbreaking and inspiring at the same time.”

At the close of the panel discussion, Rev. Campbell emphasized both the need for action and hope for the present day. After telling the audience how certain young Arkansans had voiced fiercely racist sentiments and shunned the Rohwer survivors after their release, he explained that those persecutors later became the chief defenders of the Japanese Americans in school. He reminded the audience of one simple truth.

“Prejudice can be overcome.”

The artwork of the Rohwer camp survivors is now on display at the CALS Butler Center in Concordia Hall through December. The exhibition is a reflection on American identity entitled “A Matter of Mind and Heart.”